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| Sleep and wakefulness are regulated by a number of neurotransmitters, as well as neuromodulators within specific brain regions1.
| | E2 was given by the [[Special:MyLanguage/Ubersleep|Ubersleep]] Formula that details the [[Special:MyLanguage/Everyman|Everyman]] schedules with the number of naps depending on the duration of the core sleep. It was presented a version of Everyman that is closer to mono than [[Special:MyLanguage/E3|E3]] is. It was originally called E4.5, to represent the core duration, but has since been renamed to E2, to represent the number of naps to maintain consistency between different schedule lines. In recent years, it has been a highly popular schedule, as it provides a significant sleep cut without being too inconvenient or difficult to adapt to. |
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| ==== Physiology ====
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| The underlying physiology of sleep and wakefulness is complex. Different Neurons and Neurotransmitters promote different states of sleep and wakefulness. They are therefore categorised based on state-specific [[Discharge Patterns|discharge patterns]] and/or [[Transmitter Release|transmitter release]] and other neurobiological classifications.
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| ===== State-Specific Discharge Patterns: =====
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| Neurons are classifiable based on their discharge-pattern. During each behavioral state, there are neurons that fire at a higher rate as others. More specifically:
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| * Wake-On (/Rem-Off)
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| * Wake-On/ Rem-On
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| * Rem-On
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| * NRem-On
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| ===== State-Specific Transmitter Secretion =====
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| In neurobiology, neurons are also classified by their state-specific transmitter release.
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| Monoamines (here: serotonin, norepinephrine, histamine): Densest release during wakefulness.
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| Acetylcholine: Densest release during both wakefulness and Rem-sleep
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| GABA ( γ-aminobutyric acid): Densest release during NREM-sleep.
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| ===== Summarizing Neurotransmitters regulating the Behavioral States: =====
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| ====== Wakefulness ======
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| Acetylcholine, Serotonin, Norepinephrine, Histamine, Dopamine, Orexins, Glutamate (,GABA)
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| ====== NREM ======
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| GABA, Adenosine
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| ====== REM ======
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| Acetylcholine, GABA
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| The neurotransmitter GABA has brain region specific effects on behavioral states.
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| GABA in the [[pontine reticular formation]] promotes sleep and decreases sleep, by inhibiting the secretion of acetylcholine, which promotes Rem-sleep.
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| However, neurons activated by GABA in the basal forebrain fire the fastest during NRem-sleep, and is NRem promoting.
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| Adenosine, the other major neurotransmitter involved in the onset of NRem-sleep, increases proportional to the time spent awake in the basal forebrain. It is the neurotransmitter thouoght to be the major regulator of Process S in the 2-Process Model of Sleep.
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| ==== Models ====
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| ===== Two-Process Model of Sleep =====
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| ===== Model1 =====
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| ===== Model2 =====
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| ===== Model3 =====
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Revision as of 00:27, 30 December 2020
E2 was given by the Ubersleep Formula that details the Everyman schedules with the number of naps depending on the duration of the core sleep. It was presented a version of Everyman that is closer to mono than E3 is. It was originally called E4.5, to represent the core duration, but has since been renamed to E2, to represent the number of naps to maintain consistency between different schedule lines. In recent years, it has been a highly popular schedule, as it provides a significant sleep cut without being too inconvenient or difficult to adapt to.
