Difference between revisions of "Unstable adaptation"

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It is possible that the adapted state is unstable or gets destabilized for a sleeper. Some events, injuries or substances can throw off the sleeper from being adapted in most cases. There are a few types of sleep destabilization or generally unstable adapted state, which are described below.
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It is possible that the adapted state is unstable or gets destabilized for a sleeper. Some events, injuries, or substances may throw off the sleeper from being adapted. There are a few types of sleep destabilization or reasons that one may find themselves in an unstable adapted state, which are described below.
  
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== Low total sleep time ==
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== Low total sleep time == <!--T:2-->
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It is usually very difficult to adapt to [[Template:Polyphasic Sleep Schedules|schedules]] with a low total sleep time, since much more sleep compression should occur, leaving significantly much less light sleep. This makes the sleep schedule much less [[Flexing|flexible]] and generally unstable, because any event or substance, which temporarily increases sleep needed, can easily compromise adapted state. This is likely the main reason why [[long term]] polyphasic sleepers more often are those, who stay on a schedule, which reduces [[Non-reducing|little-to-no]] sleep, while most [[Nap only|nap-only]] adaptations are shorter.
 
  
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Also, schedules, which reduce much sleep, require much denser blocks of sleep during the day because of the [[wake time reduction]], so shorter wake gaps are possible, which makes such schedules inconvenient for daily life and thus unstable long term.
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It is usually very difficult to adapt to [[Special:MyLanguage/Template:Polyphasic Sleep Schedules|schedules]] with a low total sleep time, since much more sleep compression should occur, leaving significantly much less light sleep. This makes the sleep schedule much less [[Special:MyLanguage/Flexing|flexible]] and generally unstable, because any event or substance which temporarily increases the sleep needed to recover can easily compromise adapted state. This is likely the main reason why [[Special:MyLanguage/long term|long term]] polyphasic sleepers more often are those who stay on a schedule which reduces [[Special:MyLanguage/Non-reducing|little-to-no]] sleep, while most [[Special:MyLanguage/Nap only|nap-only]] adaptations are shorter.
  
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== Increased sleep needs ==
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Sleep needs can be increased temporarily, usually as an effect of needed physical recovery. Such cases include increased [[Exercise|physical activity]]<ref>Erik Naylor, MS, Plamen D. Penev, MD, PhD, Larry Orbeta, BA, Imke Janssen, PhD, Rosemary Ortiz, Egidio F. Colecchia, MS, Moses Keng, MS, Sanford Finkel, MD, Phyllis C. Zee, MD, PhD (January 2000). ''[https://academic.oup.com/sleep/article/23/1/1/2749954 Daily Social and Physical Activity Increases Slow-Wave Sleep and Daytime Neuropsychological Performance in the Elderly.]'' Sleep, Volume 23, Issue 1, January 2000, Pages 1–9, <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/23.1.1f</nowiki></ref><ref>Markus Dworak, Alfred Wiater, Dirk Alfer, Egon Stephan, Wildor Hollmann, Heiko K. Strüder (March 2008). ''[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1389945707001815 Increased slow wave sleep and reduced stage 2 sleep in children depending on exercise intensity]''. Sleep Medicine, Volume 9, Issue 3, March 2008, Pages 266-272, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2007.04.017</ref>, some substances, such as [[cannabis]]<ref>Barratt, E. S., Beaver, W., & White, R. (1974). ''[https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1974-24717-001 The effects of marijuana on human sleep patterns]''. Biological Psychiatry, 8(1), 47–54.</ref> or [[alcohol]]<ref>Irshaad O. Ebrahim, Colin M. Shapiro, Adrian J. Williams, Peter B. Fenwick (January 2013). ''[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/acer.12006 Alcohol and Sleep I: Effects on Normal Sleep]''. Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research, Volume 37, Issue 4, April 2013, Pages 539-708, https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.12006</ref>. External impact sometimes can significantly increase sleep needed, mostly [[wikipedia:Slow-wave_sleep|SWS]], which can shake the adapted state, again depending on the total sleep time of the schedule. This is the main reason why schedules with at least 3 sleep cycles are commonly recommended<ref>[https://www.polyphasic.net polyphasic.net]. Retrieved 07-12-2020.</ref> in the polyphasic community for those with intense physical activity, to guarantee the possibility to accomodate enough SWS in core(-s).  
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Also, schedules which reduce sleep greatly require much denser blocks of sleep during the day because of the [[Special:MyLanguage/wake time reduction|wake time reduction]]. Shorter wake gaps are required, which makes such schedules inconvenient for daily life and thus unstable long term. These types of schedules may be destabilized by missing naps too many times or flexing too much/too far due to scheduling conflicts that arise due to the frequent sleeps.
  
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In some cases, [[wikipedia:Rapid_eye_movement_sleep|REM]] sleep can be increased as well, this includes depression<ref>Mathias Berger, Dieter Riemann (December 1993). ''[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2869.1993.tb00092.x REM sleep in depression—an overview]''. Journal of Sleep Research, Volume 2, Issue 4, December 1993, Pages 211-223, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2869.1993.tb00092.x</ref> or possibly intense mental activity<ref>J. De Koninck, D. Lorrain, G. Christ, G. Proulx, D.Coulombe (September 1989). ''[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0167876089900184 Intensive language learning and increases in rapid eye movement sleep: evidence of a performance factor]''. International Journal of Psychophysiology, Volume 8, Issue 1, September 1989, Pages 43-47, https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-8760(89)90018-4</ref>.
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== Increased sleep needs == <!--T:5-->
  
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== Flexing ==
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Polyphasic sleep schedules usually become flexible after adaptation. The possible level of flexing depends on the scheduled total sleep time and on the stability of adaptation. The sleep schedules, which reduce much sleep, generally are much less flexible than the ones with higher total sleep time, as flexing is known to decrease sleep quality, which is unacceptable for the schedules with extreme compression. When sleep is flexed too much, the adaptation can be destabilized or even ruined, as the compression can't be maintained anymore.
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Sleep needs can be increased temporarily, usually as an effect of needed physical recovery. Such cases include increased [[Special:MyLanguage/Exercise|physical activity]]<ref name="Naylor" /><ref name="Dworak" /> and some substances such as [[Special:MyLanguage/cannabis|cannabis]]<ref name="Barratt" /> or [[Special:MyLanguage/alcohol|alcohol]]<ref name="Ebrahim" />. External events such as these sometimes may significantly increase sleep needed (mostly [[wikipedia:Slow-wave_sleep|SWS]]) which can shake the adapted state with increasing intensity inversely proportional to the total sleep time of the schedule. This is the main reason why schedules with at least 3 sleep cycles are commonly recommended<ref name="polynet /> in the polyphasic community for those with intense physical activity, as they more likely guarantee the possibility to accommodate enough SWS in core(s).  
  
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Also, the adaptation to flexing should be done gradually by incresing the flexing range slowly after the sleeper is already adapted and the sleep is stabilized. By flexing too much and being too fast, it is likely to destabilize adaptation as well, which happened to some members of the [[polyphasic discord]] community.
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In some cases, [[wikipedia:Rapid_eye_movement_sleep|REM]] sleep can be increased as well. Causes may include depression<ref name="Berger" /> or intense mental activity<ref name="Koninck" />. The latter is still controversial, because other studies<ref name="Siegel" /> have shown no connection between REM duration and mental activity such as studying intensity.
  
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== References ==
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== Flexing == <!--T:8-->
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<references />
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Polyphasic sleep schedules usually become flexible after adaptation. The potential extent of one's flexing ranges and frequency depends on the scheduled total sleep time and the stability of their adaptation. Schedules with lower total sleep time are generally much less flexible than schedules with higher total sleep time, as flexing is known to decrease sleep quality which is unacceptable for the schedules with extreme compression. However, this varies greatly from person to person based on sleep needs, duration of stable adaptation, and experience with flexing. When sleep is flexed too often and/or too far, the adaptation can be destabilized or even ruined if the compression cannot be maintained anymore.
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An adaptation to flexing is required, and one should only flex once they have gradually increased the flexing range over time once the sleeper is adapted to the schedule and all other flexed sleeps, and their sleep is stable. Flexing too much or too fast is likely to destabilize adaptation as well, which happened to some members of the [[Special:MyLanguage/polyphasic discord|polyphasic discord]] community.
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== Sleep time changes == <!--T:11-->
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In a similar vein to flexing, a schedule may be destabilized due to sleep time changes. Examples include the time shift that occurs as a result of Daylight Savings Time, time zone changes as a result of travel, or changing sleep times without a proper flexing adaptation first. These shifts can cause a desynchronization between a sleeper's circadian rhythm and their schedule, which cause similar changes to sleep quality that flexing may have, but often on a greater scale. The farther one shifts a sleep, and the more sleeps they shift at once, the higher their chances of schedule destabilization are.
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== References == <!--T:13-->
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{{reflist|refs=
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<ref name="Naylor">{{cite journal |vauthors=Naylor E, Penev PD, Orbeta L, Janssen I, Ortiz R, Colecchia EF, Keng M, Finkel S, Zee PC |date=2000 |title=Daily Social and Physical Activity Increases Slow-Wave Sleep and Daytime Neuropsychological Performance in the Elderly |url=https://academic.oup.com/sleep/article/23/1/1/2749954 |journal=Sleep |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=1-9 |doi=10.1093/sleep/23.1.1f}}</ref>
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<ref name="Dworak">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dworak M, Wiater A, Alfer D, Stephan E, Hollmann W, Strüder HK |date=2008 |title=Increased slow wave sleep and reduced stage 2 sleep in children depending on exercise intensity |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1389945707001815 |journal=Sleep Medicine |volume=9 |issue=3 |pages=266-272 |doi=10.1016/j.sleep.2007.04.017}}</ref>
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<ref name="Barratt">{{cite journal |vauthors=Barratt ES, Beaver W, White R |date=1974 |title=The effects of marijuana on human sleep patterns |url=https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1974-24717-001 |journal=Biological Psychiatry |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=47-54}}</ref>
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<ref name="Ebrahim">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ebrahim IO, Shapiro CM, Williams AJ, Fenwick PB |date=2013 |title=Alcohol and Sleep I: Effects on Normal Sleep |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/acer.12006 |journal=Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=539-708 |doi=10.1111/acer.12006}}</ref>
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<ref name="polynet>{{cite web |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126215718/https://www.polyphasic.net/lifestyle-considerations/ |title=Lifestyle considerations |website=polyphasic.net |access-date=2020-12-07}}</ref>
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<ref name="Berger">{{cite journal |vauthors=Berger M, Riemann D |date=1993 |title=REM sleep in depression—an overview |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2869.1993.tb00092.x |journal=Journal of Sleep Research |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=211-223 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2869.1993.tb00092.x}}</ref>
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<ref name="Koninck">{{cite journal |vauthors=Koninck J, Lorrain D, Christ D, Proulx G, Coulombe D |date=1989 |title=Intensive language learning and increases in rapid eye movement sleep: evidence of a performance factor |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0167876089900184 |journal=International Journal of Psychophysiology |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=43-47 |doi=10.1016/0167-8760(89)90018-4}}</ref>
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<ref name="Siegel">{{cite journal |vauthors=Siegel JM |date=2001 |title=The REM sleep-memory consolidation hypothesis |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11691984/ |doi=10.1126/science.1063049}}</ref>
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[[Category:Adaptation to Polyphasic Sleep]]
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{{TNT|Template:Adaptation to Polyphasic Sleep}}

Latest revision as of 04:30, 7 January 2021

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It is possible that the adapted state is unstable or gets destabilized for a sleeper. Some events, injuries, or substances may throw off the sleeper from being adapted. There are a few types of sleep destabilization or reasons that one may find themselves in an unstable adapted state, which are described below.

Low total sleep time

It is usually very difficult to adapt to schedules with a low total sleep time, since much more sleep compression should occur, leaving significantly much less light sleep. This makes the sleep schedule much less flexible and generally unstable, because any event or substance which temporarily increases the sleep needed to recover can easily compromise adapted state. This is likely the main reason why long term polyphasic sleepers more often are those who stay on a schedule which reduces little-to-no sleep, while most nap-only adaptations are shorter.

Also, schedules which reduce sleep greatly require much denser blocks of sleep during the day because of the wake time reduction. Shorter wake gaps are required, which makes such schedules inconvenient for daily life and thus unstable long term. These types of schedules may be destabilized by missing naps too many times or flexing too much/too far due to scheduling conflicts that arise due to the frequent sleeps.

Increased sleep needs

Sleep needs can be increased temporarily, usually as an effect of needed physical recovery. Such cases include increased physical activity[1][2] and some substances such as cannabis[3] or alcohol[4]. External events such as these sometimes may significantly increase sleep needed (mostly SWS) which can shake the adapted state with increasing intensity inversely proportional to the total sleep time of the schedule. This is the main reason why schedules with at least 3 sleep cycles are commonly recommended[5] in the polyphasic community for those with intense physical activity, as they more likely guarantee the possibility to accommodate enough SWS in core(s).

In some cases, REM sleep can be increased as well. Causes may include depression[6] or intense mental activity[7]. The latter is still controversial, because other studies[8] have shown no connection between REM duration and mental activity such as studying intensity.

Flexing

Polyphasic sleep schedules usually become flexible after adaptation. The potential extent of one's flexing ranges and frequency depends on the scheduled total sleep time and the stability of their adaptation. Schedules with lower total sleep time are generally much less flexible than schedules with higher total sleep time, as flexing is known to decrease sleep quality which is unacceptable for the schedules with extreme compression. However, this varies greatly from person to person based on sleep needs, duration of stable adaptation, and experience with flexing. When sleep is flexed too often and/or too far, the adaptation can be destabilized or even ruined if the compression cannot be maintained anymore.

An adaptation to flexing is required, and one should only flex once they have gradually increased the flexing range over time once the sleeper is adapted to the schedule and all other flexed sleeps, and their sleep is stable. Flexing too much or too fast is likely to destabilize adaptation as well, which happened to some members of the polyphasic discord community.

Sleep time changes

In a similar vein to flexing, a schedule may be destabilized due to sleep time changes. Examples include the time shift that occurs as a result of Daylight Savings Time, time zone changes as a result of travel, or changing sleep times without a proper flexing adaptation first. These shifts can cause a desynchronization between a sleeper's circadian rhythm and their schedule, which cause similar changes to sleep quality that flexing may have, but often on a greater scale. The farther one shifts a sleep, and the more sleeps they shift at once, the higher their chances of schedule destabilization are.

References

  1. ↑ Naylor E, Penev PD, Orbeta L, Janssen I, Ortiz R, Colecchia EF, Keng M, Finkel S, Zee PC (2000). "Daily Social and Physical Activity Increases Slow-Wave Sleep and Daytime Neuropsychological Performance in the Elderly". Sleep. 23 (1): 1–9. doi:10.1093/sleep/23.1.1f.
  2. ↑ Dworak M, Wiater A, Alfer D, Stephan E, Hollmann W, Strüder HK (2008). "Increased slow wave sleep and reduced stage 2 sleep in children depending on exercise intensity". Sleep Medicine. 9 (3): 266–272. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2007.04.017.
  3. ↑ Barratt ES, Beaver W, White R (1974). "The effects of marijuana on human sleep patterns". Biological Psychiatry. 8 (1): 47–54.
  4. ↑ Ebrahim IO, Shapiro CM, Williams AJ, Fenwick PB (2013). "Alcohol and Sleep I: Effects on Normal Sleep". Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research. 37 (4): 539–708. doi:10.1111/acer.12006.
  5. ↑ "Lifestyle considerations". polyphasic.net. Retrieved 2020-12-07.
  6. ↑ Berger M, Riemann D (1993). "REM sleep in depression—an overview". Journal of Sleep Research. 2 (4): 211–223. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1993.tb00092.x.
  7. ↑ Koninck J, Lorrain D, Christ D, Proulx G, Coulombe D (1989). "Intensive language learning and increases in rapid eye movement sleep: evidence of a performance factor". International Journal of Psychophysiology. 8 (1): 43–47. doi:10.1016/0167-8760(89)90018-4.
  8. ↑ Siegel JM (2001). "The REM sleep-memory consolidation hypothesis". doi:10.1126/science.1063049. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)


Mechanism
Methods
Stages Model
Symptoms
Failure
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