Segmented

Segmented

Segmented
chart link Legend   Sleep   Dark period   Flexible sleep window
Total sleep	7 hours
Proposed by	None, used by humans throughout history.
Difficulty	Moderate
Specification	2 long cores at night aligned to SWS and REM peaks respectively.

Segmented is a biphasic schedule with two cores at night, usually with a total sleep time close to one's personal monophasic baseline.

Origin

Segmented sleep, sometimes referred to as bifurcated or divided sleep, is one of the original polyphasic sleep patterns. It is the basis of the Dual core schedule line. In its non-reducing form, it is believed to have been practiced by some human societies since time immemorial until the advent of electric lighting . In short photoperiods (fewer daylight hours), it has been shown that human sleep is naturally segmented.

People would often go to bed some time after sunset, wake up after a few hours, stay awake for a couple hours, and then go back to bed until sunrise. Some naturally Segmented sleepers report interrupted monophasic sleep, where they wake up in the middle of the night. They are often suggested to adopt a Segmented sleep schedule.

Mechanism

The Polyphasic Discord Community has discovered some possible mechanics of Segmented sleep. The basis of Segmented sleep is the sleep peaks. During the early hours of the night (~21-24), when natural melatonin secretion starts, SWS can be gained efficiently. In EEG readings of adapted sleepers, the first core sleep is usually dense in SWS, whereas the second core sleep contains primarily REM sleep. The divided core sleeps are thus denser in vital sleep stages, and allow for a small cut in total sleep with stable sleep times. Naps in the day are not needed because the amount of light sleep cut is small enough, and the day gap is also substantially shortened compared to a monophasic schedule.

Both core sleeps are scheduled to be 3.5 hours by default because the sleep cycles are known to lengthen to about 105 minutes from the approximately 90-minute cycles on monophasic sleep. This would also explain the viability of the schedule despite having fewer cycles.

The wake gap between each core (known as "core gap") should at least 90 minutes, with a longer gap recommended (~2.5-3 hours) for non-natural Segmented sleepers. The reason for this is to prevent the cores from becoming interrupted sleep, in which there is a only a brief period of awakening during sleep, before the sleeper goes back to sleep, which disrupts the sleep cycle and drastically reduces sleep quality.

Staying awake for at least ~90m will usually prevent this, so that the second core starts in a new sleep cycle. A core gap that is too short is unlikely to be productive time, and it may also be difficult to fall asleep as not enough sleep pressure has been accumulated. The original default recommendation was a 2-hour gap, but has since been changed to 3 hours as some people were unable to fully adapt to the 2-hour gap version.

Adaptation

For naturally Segmented sleepers, the adaptation is easy. For non-natural Segmented sleepers, adapting to Segmented may be harder than adapting to Siesta or E1. Waking up from the first core could be difficult. Boredom during the night gap can make it hard to stay awake. The second core sleep containing much REM sleep can also grogginess or dizziness upon waking. Over time, with strict adherence to the schedule, these issues should disappear.

After Segmented, there is a gradual adaptation route to Dual core schedules, and also Triphasic, as the division of core sleeps had been learned.

Difficulty

The difficulty level of Segmented varies across individuals, and depends on the amount of sleep being scheduled. Overall, it is still considered a friendly schedule for beginners.

Variants

While the default dual 3.5 hour core variant has had the most success, a few other combinations are also plausible and have been adapted to in the past. Beginners can attempt these variants, with some precautions.

6-hour total sleep

• 

  Segmented with 6h total sleep (Version 1)

• 

  Segmented with 6h total sleep (Version 2)

These are 2 modified variants that have reported some success over the years. Since the total sleep is only 6 hours, it may be suitable for those with slightly below average monophasic baselines (~7h). One problem with this schedule would be a circadian dip in the early afternoon hours, without naps to address them. Because more light sleep has been cut compared to the default variant, staying awake could be more difficult.

The wake gap between each core should be at least 4 hours to cover the SWS and REM peaks more efficiently, as well as to reduce the length of the day gap. The overall adaptation may be more difficult than the standard version because of the reduced sleep time. The benefit is the added extra time at night, and only needing to sleep at night without using daytime naps.

The difference between 4.5-1.5 and 3-3 core distribution is that those with more SWS requirements can attempt the former option, while those needing similar amounts of REM and SWS can pick the latter. Overall, the 3-3 variant better balances sleep stages, and has seen more success overall than the 4.5-1.5 variant.

Uneven core lengths

A Segmented variant with uneven core lengths

This variant, which is rarely attempted, has cores of slightly different lengths. These variants allows for slightly more time awake, may be easier to schedule, without a significantly harder adaptation. Other plausible combinations include 3-3.5, or even 4.5-2.5 and 5-1.5. It would be helpful to know the SWS and REM requirements before picking any of these variants, though.

Generally, variants with a longer first core allows for more alertness during core gap, and the second core does not need to be as long. However, the longer the first core, the less "DC-like" it becomes, meaning that the sleep stages becomes less distinctly allocated into the two cores. The longer first core may also resemble Siesta, with the second sleep looking like a daytime core sleep.

Late first core

Segmented with a late first core

Sleepers who would schedule this variant are expected to have low SWS needs, and/or a lot of polyphasic experience as well as the stringent management of food, exercise and lighting. This variant is not usually recommended, as the first core being away from SWS peak drastically increases the difficulty. Circadian management is recommended, as with other late-core schedules.

For this variant, the core gap can be smaller than the default, because of the higher SWS pressure prior to core 2.

Segmented-ext

Segmented-extended
chart link Legend   Sleep   Dark period   Flexible sleep window
Total sleep	7.5 - 8 hours
Difficulty	Easy
Specification	2 cores, aligned to SWS and REM peaks.

Extended/Non-reducing

The difference between Segmented-extended and non-reducing Segmented is that the former can reduce some sleep for long sleepers, whereas the latter aims not to reduce any sleep (e.g, 4.5-4.5 core combo for 9h sleeper). The non-reducing variant is believed to resemble the historical sleep pattern in pre-industrial Europe. Both variants occupy hours in both evening and morning, which can clash with social commitments.

Compared to the default or other reducing variants, these two allow for some flexibility of either core, even during adaptation, and naturally segmented sleepers can adapt to the schedule by simply follow their natural patterns of tiredness. One success from the non-reducing variant (~6.5h total sleep on average) has the first core being ~4.5h long consistently while the second core hovers around 2h. This suggests that non-reducing variants can still be utilized by short sleepers to achieve a flexible Segmented schedule. For non-natural Segmented sleepers, it is still advisable to try to sleep at the same time everyday for each core sleep.

However, without reducing total sleep, it is expected that it will be significantly harder to fall asleep, which may contribute to the difficulty of the adaptation.

Siesta-hybrid

A Segmented that looks like Siesta sleep

The idea behind this variant is similar to Siesta, but with both cores at night, and with the short core providing much of the SWS. Sleepers with lower SWS requirements or want to sleep less around evening hours can attempt this variant.

This variant has recorded at least 2 successes; one attempt was in a winter, where photoperiod was short. The first core becomes a lot shorter than usual, being reduced all the way to only 1 cycle, while the second core is much longer to compensate. Similar ideas can apply to 2.5-4.5 core distribution or so.

The main issue with this is that it is impossible for an average sleeper (90m SWS need) to gain all the needed SWS in the first core, the second core will have to provide the remaining SWS, and pushing the second core to late hours of the night may increase the difficulty of the process.

Similar to the default schedule, this variant also takes away some of the social time in the evening; social time is traded for the time in core gap.

Segmented-Siesta hybrid

Alternatively, Segmented may be scheduled with one core at night and another core in the day. Only a few successes have been reported thus far. This variant looks like Siesta with a long daytime core, and both core sleeps miss the peaks. The dark period should be 2-3h before the night core, and continue for ~2h after it to stabilize the circadian rhythm.

Adaptations to this would be much more difficult than a regular Segmented schedule, because skipping both sleep peaks can greatly hinder quality sleep. Over the course of adaptation, staying awake during the graveyard and morning hours will be tough, and having a long sleep in the day may disrupt the circadian rhythm.

Night shift

A Variant for Third Shift

The idea is to have a core sleep after the work period, and then a core sleep before work. Little is known about this scheduling variant, and adaptations have been overall not unsuccessful. Due to the circadian rhythm disruption it causes, night shift has always been associated with health concerns, and sleeping this way will likely be no different.

There have been at least a couple failures while deploying Segmented sleep for shift work. This is expected, as overall rates of success is very low for night shift workers.

Lifestyle Considerations

Segmented, which allows for a range of schedule options, can be suitable for many. It greatly benefits those who naturally wake up during the night, and also allows those who are unable to take a daytime nap to still polyphasically.

Before one transitions to Segmented, it is important to plan ahead what to do during the core gap, as staying awake at night when everyone else is sleeping and having nothing to do can become difficult. For naturally segmented sleepers, this is less of a problem. Here are a few tips:

• Make a list of what activities or tasks that can be much better done at night. This includes entertainment. Being alone can also be an advantage at times. Be sure to consider that these hours must be in dark period, in which you will be wearing goggles, and as such will not be able to see colors.
• Dedicate time for self-care. The core gap can be useful for relaxation after long days at work. Self-care can include autogenic training, meditation, yoga, and stretching. Note that it may be unadvisable to do these things when you are having problems staying awake.
• Plan for your day. People often have a lot to work on and care about. No matter how much extra awake time you might have, time management is always important.

Advantages of Segmented over other schedules include:

• Segmented is the only schedule that easily allows >12h of continuous wake time without needing any naps. This can allow many people who are unable to take naps to sleep polyphasically.

• Segmented offers a relatively high amount of sleep, it is viable to schedule the first croe later than normal to start at ~23 to allow some more evening events. The only thing to note, is that the late first core likely will delay the end of the second core, and may interfere with your morning activities. Under normal scheduling, however, there will be more limited evening social time on Segmented sleep.

• Segmented can become somewhat flexible after adaptation. Some experienced sleepers have reported being able to flex at least one of the core sleeps. Being able to flex the core sleeps allows for more freedom in controlling the length of core gap to suit one's schedule. For example, on days with little to do, the core gap can shrink down a bit, so that the second core can start earlier than usual, or vice versa. When sudden events occur that would require skipping sleep, Segmented also allows relatively fast recovery afterwards.

• Segmented sleep, especially the extended variant with a longer first core, can support intense physical exercise.

• Vivid dreaming experiences have been reported on the schedule over the years, most of which come from this second core.

Polyphasic Sleep Schedules Scheduling overview Biphasic E1 Extended Siesta Segmented BiphasicX Everyman E2 Extended E3 Extended E4 Extended E5 Sevamayl Trimaxion Dual core DC1 Extended DC2 Extended DC3 DC4 Bimaxion Tri core Triphasic TC1 TC2 Nap only Uberman Dymaxion Tesla Spamayl Experimental QC0 Ducamayl Camayl Hypothetical Non-polyphasic Monophasic Random