Regulation of Sleep and Wakefulness: Difference between revisions
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==Physiology== | ==Physiology== | ||
The underlying physiology of sleep and wakefulness is complex. Different Neurons and Neurotransmitters promote different states of sleep and wakefulness. They are therefore categorised based on state-specific [[Discharge Patterns|discharge patterns]] and/or [[Transmitter Release|transmitter release]] and other neurobiological classifications. | The underlying physiology of sleep and wakefulness is complex. Different [[Neurons]] and [[Neurotransmitters]] promote different states of sleep and wakefulness. They are therefore categorised based on state-specific [[Discharge Patterns|discharge patterns]] and/or [[Transmitter Release|transmitter release]] and other [[neurobiological classifications]]. | ||
===State-specific discharge patterns=== | ===State-specific discharge patterns=== | ||
Neurons are classifiable based on their discharge-pattern. During each behavioral state, there are neurons that fire at a higher rate as others. More specifically: | Neurons are classifiable based on their [[discharge-pattern]]. During each behavioral state, there are [[neurons]] that fire at a higher rate as others. More specifically: | ||
*Wake-On (/REM-Off) | *Wake-On (/REM-Off) | ||
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===State-specific transmitter secretion=== | ===State-specific transmitter secretion=== | ||
In neurobiology, neurons are also classified by their state-specific transmitter release. | In neurobiology, neurons are also classified by their [[state-specific transmitter release]]. | ||
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====Two-process model of sleep==== | ====Two-process model of sleep==== | ||
The two-process model of sleep is a conceptual model that aims to relate the behavioral state regulation to two main procedures. Process-S describes the increasing homeostatic pressure, the more time spent awake (Adenosine-alertness hypothesis | [[File:Two-process model of sleep graph.png|thumb|alt=|Graph of activity level of sleep processes over the course of a day. <br>Source: Natalia T., Megan H. H., Paige F., Victoria B. (2017). A Two-Process Model for Circadian and Sleep-dependent Modulation of Pain Sensitivity doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/09831]] | ||
The two-process model of sleep is a conceptual model that aims to relate the behavioral state regulation to two main procedures. Process-S describes the increasing homeostatic pressure, the more time spent awake ([[Adenosine-alertness hypothesis]]) and deacreses during time spent asleep . Process C describes the ~24h circadian framework in which sleep can occur. | |||
===== Equations ===== | |||
S(t) | |||
S(t) | |||
Ct) | |||
Advantages: | |||
* Good at explaining the basic phenomena of sleep and wakefulness | |||
* Physiological basis for Process S is likely ([[Adenosine-alertness hypothesis]]) | |||
Disadvantages: | |||
* No physiological basis for Process C and interaction of Process S & C | |||
* Does not include [[circadian pacemarkers]] and different [[sleep stages]] | |||
