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A [[biphasic]] [[Template:Polyphasic Sleep Schedules|schedule]], which consists of a longer [[Cores|core]] at night and a shorter core during the day.{{TNT|Siesta}}<ref>[https://www.polyphasic.net/schedules/biphasic/ polyphasic.net]. Retrieved 20-11-2020.</ref>

A [[biphasic]] [[Template:Polyphasic Sleep Schedules|schedule]]<ref>[https://www.polyphasic.net/schedules/biphasic/ polyphasic.net]. Retrieved 20-11-2020.</ref>, which consists of a longer [[Cores|core]] at night and a shorter core during the day.{{TNT|Siesta}}

 

 

== Mechanism ==

== Mechanism ==

Siesta sleep shares a lot of similarities with E1 - when research confirmed the existence of the '''circadian nadir''' around noon and early afternoon, both Siesta and E1 become very popular. However, it is most likely that humans naturally sleep in the non-reducing form of these schedules, meaning there is little to no sleep reduction involved. In the case of Siesta, a longer sleep in the nadir region is picked over the short nap of E1. Throughout the course of history, Siesta has been very common in Spain and many other countries around the world. In the context of polyphasic sleeping, Siesta contains 2 core sleeps, because the daytime sleep lasts for 1 full cycle, with much higher restorative power than a short nap. The longer daytime sleep paves the way for a shortened nocturnal sleep, which opens up for more evening time or earlier wake time in the morning. By having more than one core sleep, Siesta is capable of delivering very high sleep quality without compromising long-term health status. Like E1, a bigger portion of total sleep is dedicated to nighttime, where sleep pressure and the need to rest after a long day is often high, while the daytime sleep complements with a bit more sleep to fit into the circadian nadir. Usually, the wake gap from the end of the night core to the daytime core is anywhere '''between 6-9 hours'''.  

Siesta sleep shares a lot of similarities with E1 - when research confirmed the existence of the '''circadian nadir''' around noon and early afternoon, both Siesta and E1 become very popular. In the case of Siesta, a longer sleep in the nadir region is picked over the short nap of E1. In the context of polyphasic sleeping, Siesta contains 2 core sleeps, because the daytime sleep lasts for 1 full cycle, with much higher restorative power than a short nap. The longer daytime sleep paves the way for a shortened nocturnal sleep, which opens up for more evening time or earlier wake time in the morning. By having more than one core sleep, Siesta is capable of delivering very high sleep quality without compromising long-term health status. Like E1, a bigger portion of total sleep is dedicated to nighttime, where sleep pressure and the need to rest after a long day is often high, while the daytime sleep complements with a bit more sleep to fit into the circadian nadir. Usually, the wake gap from the end of the night core to the daytime core is anywhere '''between 6-9 hours'''.

 

However, unlike most standard scheduling where a core sleep would make use of a multiple of the 90m sleep cycle, the reducing Siesta version (totaling 6.5h each day) utilizes a 5h core (rather than the would-be 4.5h core). This is because the +30m from a 4.5h core can act as a '''statistically likely REM period''', where there is more chance and more room to get extra REM sleep in this 30m duration. Similar to the 6.5h core proposal of E1, it is expected that SWS has been fully covered in the first 3 full cycles of sleep (4.5h) with properly repartitioned sleep and high quality SWS from proper sleep hygiene. On monophasic sleep, the REM cycles in the morning do appear to become longer than 90m, so the 30m help sustain alertness better than a 4.5h core would. This small extension coupled with a daytime core would be equivalent to 4 full cycles from the E1 core.  

However, unlike most standard scheduling where a core sleep would make use of a multiple of the 90m sleep cycle, the reducing Siesta version (totaling 6.5h each day) utilizes a 5h core (rather than the would-be 4.5h core). This is because the +30m from a 4.5h core can act as a '''statistically likely REM period''', where there is more chance and more room to get extra REM sleep in this 30m duration. Similar to the 6.5h core proposal of E1, it is expected that SWS has been fully covered in the first 3 full cycles of sleep (4.5h) with properly repartitioned sleep and high quality SWS from proper sleep hygiene. On monophasic sleep, the REM cycles in the morning do appear to become longer than 90m, so the 30m help sustain alertness better than a 4.5h core would. This small extension coupled with a daytime core would be equivalent to 4 full cycles from the E1 core.  

It is likely that when adaptation first begins, waking up from the 5h core (rather than 4.5h) could be difficult with '''SWS wakes''' (SWS repartitioning in progress) or '''REM wakes''', due to wakes falling into the statistically likely REM period. Over time, waking up from the main night core should no longer pose any serious problems, and waking up will become refreshing and invigorating. The daytime core is usually reported to be less challenging to manage, however, for those who are never were used to sleep this long in the daytime hours (or are only accustomed to napping for a short amount of time), it can still be difficult to first deal with the change in sleep habits.

== Difficulty ==

== Difficulty ==

Siesta over the years has reported a great amount of successful adaptations, with the majority coming from the non-reduced version. However, the standard version has overall less success, due to the sleep reduction mechanism that play into the adaptation. It is also likely that when adaptation first begins, waking up from the 5h core (rather than 4.5h) could be difficult with '''SWS wakes''' (SWS repartitioning in progress) or '''REM wakes''', due to in the statistically likely REM period. Over time, waking up from the main night core should no longer pose any serious problems, and waking up will become refreshing and invigorating. The daytime core is usually reported to be less challenging to manage, however, for those who are never used to sleeping this long in the daytime hours (or are only accustomed to napping for a short amount of time), it can still be difficult to first deal with the change in sleep habits. Overall, the adaptation progress is mild, if not easier than E1 in some cases. With good time management and a functional alarm setup, most individuals should be able to adapt to the reducing Siesta version.

Siesta over the years has reported a great amount of successful adaptations, with the majority coming from the non-reduced version. However, the standard version has overall less success, due to the sleep reduction mechanism that play into the adaptation. Overall, the adaptation progress is mild, if not easier than E1 in some cases. With good time management and a functional alarm setup, most individuals should be able to adapt to the reducing Siesta version.

 

Siesta sleep has long been considered a golden sleep schedule due to its prevalence and astoundingly well-rounded core sleeps. However, due to the hectic lifestyles today, managing a daytime core is very difficult. This in return decreases the popularity of Siesta and it pales in comparison with its counterpart E1. However, work-from-home or flexible school/work hours can enable the Siesta daytime core to put in work. Another downside is that food time should be properly scheduled in relation to the daytime core on '''the standard or any reducing versions''', which is recommended to be right after the core, or a few hours before it to ensure its quality. However, there is more leeway in scheduling meals with the daytime core on '''extended and non-reducing''' versions, since total sleep is high enough. Over the years a lot of polyphasic sleepers have attempted Siesta, despite its inherently disadvantageous daytime core compared to the daytime nap of E1 and have enjoyed their success. After adaptation, the whole schedule can become flexible by flexing one or both core sleeps with small increments.

 

However, Siesta (especially extended version) is often known to be the '''most popular and viable polyphasic pattern for athletes''' who often perform physically taxing tasks. Roger Federer and Usain Bolt are two of the many athletes who are known to habitually take a long siesta. The secondary core sleep provides more intensive recovery after an intense workout session, effectively granting another opportunity at recovery to meet the increased SWS requirement. It has been researched that [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20308699/ after an endurance training session, SWS pressure rises] a longer sleep will facilitate SWS. The occurrence of SWS in the long siesta is said to release the growth hormone (GH) regulate glucose levels and glycogen storage as these storages often become depleted under a long and intense exercise session. All in all, the vital functions of the secondary core sleep in assisting the recovery period after exertion is invaluable.  

 

On another note, Siesta sleep is also known to be an [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26193476/ adaptation of humans to diseases] (including chronic infectious diseases in the study). It seems to make sense that humans sleep for longer periods in a row when severely sick, and with extended core sleeps, it starkly reminds of the non-reducing Siesta version, where both core sleeps last for much longer than usual as a demand for cognitive and physical recovery from sickness. Being a holistically comprehensive schedule, Siesta is one of the best polyphasic schedules that can meet many critical well-being requirements if daily scheduling would give room for it to shine.

== Variants ==

== Variants ==

=== Night core extension ===

=== Night core extension ===

[[File:Siesta-extended 1.png|center|thumb|Version 1 of Siesta extended]]

[[File:Siesta-extended 1.png|center|thumb|Version 1 of Siesta extended]]

This variant also sees a lot of success, mostly in people with active lifestyles or are still growing mentally and physically. The adaptation difficulty is much milder than the default version, and extending the night core follows the 90m cycle rule (mostly for convenience). This extended version still gives a decent amount of sleep reduction for people whose monophasic need is around 9h each day. The most common form of scheduling this setup is to have a slightly longer core at night and keep the daytime core as it is. However, the night core can still be further extended, which would raise the total sleep higher and become '''non-reducing Siesta''' (no sleep reduction from monophasic) if it is preferred. An example would be a 6.5-7h night core, and a 90m daytime sleep for an individual with ~8-9h monophasic baseline.  

This variant also sees a lot of success, mostly in people with active lifestyles or are still growing mentally and physically. The adaptation difficulty is much milder than the default version, and extending the night core follows the 90m cycle rule (mostly for convenience). This extended version still gives a decent amount of sleep reduction for people whose monophasic need is around 9h each day. The most common form of scheduling this setup is to have a slightly longer core at night and keep the daytime core as it is. However, the night core can still be further extended, which would raise the total sleep higher and become '''non-reducing Siesta''' (no sleep reduction from monophasic) if it is preferred. An example would be a 6.5-7h night core, and a 90m daytime sleep for an individual with ~8-9h monophasic baseline.  

Another great boon of non-reducing version is that sleepers do not have to be confined to a specific duration of daytime core length, as long as it's no shorter than ~50m (to differentiate with E1). and can be as long as ~2h. Thus, non-reducing Siesta has a lot of flexibility in scheduling, and heavily favors natural wakes (e.g, 60m daytime core one day, and ~80-90m core the next day). It is also not a requirement to sleep at the exact same hours everyday for both sleeps even when adapting (though consistency of sleep times is great). The goal is to ensure there is no sleep reduction from monophasic baseline to get as much productivity during the day as possible (for events or circumstances that require sharp decision-making and/or focus like examinations).

Another great boon of non-reducing version is that sleepers do not have to be confined to a specific duration of daytime core length, as long as it's no shorter than ~50m (to differentiate with E1). and can be as long as ~2h. Thus, non-reducing Siesta has a lot of flexibility in scheduling, and heavily favors natural wakes (e.g, 60m daytime core one day, and ~80-90m core the next day). It is also not a requirement to sleep at the exact same hours everyday for both sleeps even when adapting (though consistency of sleep times is great). The goal is to ensure there is no sleep reduction from monophasic baseline to get as much productivity during the day as possible (for events or circumstances that require sharp decision-making and/or focus like examinations).

[[Category:Schedules]]

[[Category:Schedules]]

{{TNT|Polyphasic Sleep Schedules}}

{{TNT|Polyphasic Sleep Schedules}}