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While caffeine both does induce a number of scientifically validated positive and negative effects on humans for a short time after consumption, withdrawal symptoms are possible in the case of caffeine dependence and are recognized by the ICD-11 and DSM-5.

While caffeine both does induce a number of scientifically validated positive and negative effects on humans for a short time after consumption, withdrawal symptoms are possible in the case of caffeine dependence and are recognized by the ICD-11 and DSM-5.

There are large genetically based differences in caffeine clearance time in the body<ref>"CYP1A2 gene polymorphism has been shown to alter the expression or activity of the CYP1A2 enzyme (Rasmussen et al., 2002), which subsequently results in a large individual variability of caffeine clearance."</ref>, which might account for anecdotal accounts of varying sensitivity and prolonged effects of caffeine after ingestion.

There are large genetically based differences in caffeine clearance time in the body<ref>"CYP1A2 gene polymorphism has been shown to alter the expression or activity of the CYP1A2 enzyme (Rasmussen et al., 2002), which subsequently results in a large individual variability of caffeine clearance." in "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278584618301726 Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry]" by JuliusSchuster, Ellen S.Mitchell</ref>, which might account for anecdotal accounts of varying sensitivity and prolonged effects of caffeine after ingestion.

==Caffeinated beverages==

==Caffeinated beverages==