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昼夜节律(Circadian rhythm)是体内的生物时钟,主要通过曝光和食物摄入等因素与当地的太阳时保持一致。它在一天中持续带动荷尔蒙变化,对身体产生影响。昼夜节律其中一个主要影响是[[Wikipedia:Melatonin|褪黑素]](melatonin)的分泌。它的存在对进入SWS至关重要,同时对REM的出现时间也会产生影响。
 
昼夜节律(Circadian rhythm)是体内的生物时钟,主要通过曝光和食物摄入等因素与当地的太阳时保持一致。它在一天中持续带动荷尔蒙变化,对身体产生影响。昼夜节律其中一个主要影响是[[Wikipedia:Melatonin|褪黑素]](melatonin)的分泌。它的存在对进入SWS至关重要,同时对REM的出现时间也会产生影响。
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日落之后,当光照水平降低时,身体会开始分泌褪黑激素以促进睡眠。入夜时褪黑激素水平的上升让身体能在最初几个睡眠周期中获得SWS。相反,随着褪黑激素水平在早晨下降,REM就会成为被优先的睡眠阶段。
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日落之后,当光照水平降低时,身体会开始分泌褪黑素以促进睡眠。入夜时褪黑素水平的上升让身体能在最初几个睡眠周期中获得SWS。相反,随着褪黑素水平在早晨下降,REM就会成为被优先的睡眠阶段。
 
[[File:Melanopic.png|thumb|黑视蛋白敏感度函数]]
 
[[File:Melanopic.png|thumb|黑视蛋白敏感度函数]]
 
在现代,随着人工照明的出现,许多人的昼夜节律被推前了(即更晚)。然而,这种对人工照明的暴露也损害了人们有效获得SWS的能力。光对昼夜节律的影响程度由黑视蛋白敏感度函数(melanopic light sensitivity function)断定,该函数在480nm前后(蓝色)达到峰值,并在两侧下降。为了减少这种影响,睡眠者有必须采用一个[[Special:MyLanguage/dark period|暗期]],在此期间,蓝色和绿色的光不能进入眼睛。这可以通过使用[[Special:MyLanguage/red goggles|红色护目镜]]或[[Special:MyLanguage/screen filters|荧幕过滤器]]等多种方式实现。
 
在现代,随着人工照明的出现,许多人的昼夜节律被推前了(即更晚)。然而,这种对人工照明的暴露也损害了人们有效获得SWS的能力。光对昼夜节律的影响程度由黑视蛋白敏感度函数(melanopic light sensitivity function)断定,该函数在480nm前后(蓝色)达到峰值,并在两侧下降。为了减少这种影响,睡眠者有必须采用一个[[Special:MyLanguage/dark period|暗期]],在此期间,蓝色和绿色的光不能进入眼睛。这可以通过使用[[Special:MyLanguage/red goggles|红色护目镜]]或[[Special:MyLanguage/screen filters|荧幕过滤器]]等多种方式实现。
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==一致性==
 
==一致性==
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在适应过程中,大多数多相时程(非缩减性时程除外)都是严谨的,也就是说,睡眠时程必须非常稳定,不能有跳过睡眠、移动睡眠时间、睡眠不足或睡过头的情况。如果你的生活安排使你不可能每天都遵循所计划的睡眠时程,那么你将无法适应它。但是一两次小的失误应该不会对你的适应造成太大损害。然而,随着错误的积累,你就越不可能适应。因此,有必要未雨绸缪,避免这些错误。根据睡眠时程仔细安排你的生活,以及设置适当的闹钟,避免睡过头。
During adaptation, most polyphasic schedules (other than non-reducing ones) are strict, that is, they must be done very consistently, without missed sleeps, moved sleeps, oversleeps, or undersleeps. If your life schedule cannot accomodate the sleep schedule you are planning for almost all days, it is unlikely that you will ever be able to adapt to it. One or two minor mishaps should not cause too much damage to your adaptation. However, as the mistakes accumulate, your chance of successful adaptation decreases. It is therefore necessary to plan ahead and avoid these mistakes, by carefully scheduling your life around the sleeps as well as setting proper alarms to avoid oversleeps.
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==时程类别==
==Schedule lines==
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自古以来,人类遵循的时程主要有两种:晚上有两个长的睡眠,中间有一个醒来的间隙的[[Special:MyLanguage/Segmented|分割睡眠]],以及晚上一个长的睡眠,下午一个短的睡眠的[[Special:MyLanguage/Siesta|Siesta]]。当然,古人的时程安排更加灵活,因此很可能比目前的标准时程有更长的总睡眠时间。目前大多数多相睡眠时程都是从单相睡眠以及上述两种历史上常见的时程演变而来的。
Two main schedule types have been practiced by humans since time immemorial: [[Special:MyLanguage/Segmented|Segmented]] -- with two long sleep in the night separated by a wake gap, and [[Special:MyLanguage/Siesta|Siesta]] -- one long sleep in the night and a shorter sleep in the afternoon. Of course, the schedule timings of the ancient people are more flexible and thus likely contains more total sleep than the current standard ones. Most current polyphasic sleep schedules evolve from monophasic sleep as well as the above two historically common schedules.
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[[Special:MyLanguage/Biphasic|二相]]时程的类别以上述的两个历史上的多相时程,以及可以被认为是Siesta的变体的E1而构成。
The [[Special:MyLanguage/Biphasic|Biphasic]] line of schedules consists of the two historical polyphasic schedules, as well as E1, which is also considered a variant of siesta in an Everyman style.
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[[Special:MyLanguage/Everyman|Everyman]]时程的类别是通过去除单相睡眠结束时的睡眠周期,并增加小睡来弥补失去的REM和维持清醒而形成的。
The [[Special:MyLanguage/Everyman|Everyman]] line of schedules are formed by removing sleep cycles in the end of monophasic sleep, and adding naps to compensate for the lost time in REM and sustain wakefulness.
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[[Special:MyLanguage/Dual core|双主段]]时程的类别也是如此,只不过它使用[[Special:MyLanguage/Segmented|分割]]睡眠代替单相睡眠。
The [[Special:MyLanguage/Dual core|Dual core]] line of schedules does the same thing, except to [[Special:MyLanguage/Segmented|Segmented]] instead of monophasic sleep.
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几十年来,多相睡眠社群已经开发了几种已知道有效的时程类别。
Over the decades, the polyphasic sleep community has developed several lines of schedules that have been known to work.
   
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
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|+
!Schedule line
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!时程类别
!Description
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!说明
!Notes
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!备注
 
|-
 
|-
|Biphasic
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|二相
|Two sleeps
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|两次睡眠
|Usually deemed the easiest and recommended to beginners.
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|通常被认为最简单,常被推荐给新手尝试。
 
|-
 
|-
 
|Everyman
 
|Everyman
|One core sleep and two or more naps
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|一次主段睡眠和两次或以上的小睡
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
|Dual core
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|双主段
|Two core sleeps and one or more naps
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|两次主段睡眠和一次或以上的小睡
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
|Tri core
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|三主段
|Three core sleeps
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|三次主段睡眠
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
|Nap only
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|仅小睡
|No cores and any number of naps
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|没有主段,小睡次数无限制
|Not deemed to be achievable for most people.
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|对于大多数人来说无法实行。
 
|-
 
|-
|Experimental
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|实验性质
|Those that do not fit into the above categories
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|不属于以上类别的时程
|Not usually recommended for beginners due to insufficient evidence of them working
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|由于可行性的证据不足,通常不建议新手进行尝试。
 
|}
 
|}
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{{TNT|Polyphasic Sleep Schedules}}
 
{{TNT|Polyphasic Sleep Schedules}}
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