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== Mechanism ==
== Mechanism ==
Generally, the first sleep is taken around dusk (i.e. starting ~19-23pm) to take advantage of increased likelihood of slow-wave sleep (SWS) due to melatonin secretion around this time, meanwhile the second sleep is generally taken around dawn (i.e. starting ~4-8am) to take advantage of increased likelihood of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep<ref>Feinberg, I., and T. C. Floyd. "Systematic trends across the night in human sleep cycles." ''Psychophysiology'' 16.3 (1979): 283-291.</ref><ref>Weber, Franz. "Modeling the mammalian sleep cycle." ''Current opinion in neurobiology'' 46 (2017): 68-75.</ref><ref>Duncan, Wallace C., et al. "A biphasic daily pattern of slow wave activity during a two-day 90 minute sleep wake schedule." ''Archives italiennes de biologie'' 147.4 (2009): 117-130. Available [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Giuseppe_Barbato/publication/41464429_A_Biphasic_Daily_Pattern_of_Slow_Wave_Activity_During_a_Two_Day_90_Minute_Sleep-Wake_Schedule/links/00b7d51813bac7b450000000/A-Biphasic-Daily-Pattern-of-Slow-Wave-Activity-During-a-Two-Day-90-Minute-Sleep-Wake-Schedule.pdf here] as of 25 Nov 2020.</ref>.
Generally, the first sleep is taken around dusk (i.e. starting ~19-23) to take advantage of increased likelihood of slow-wave sleep (SWS) due to melatonin secretion around this time, meanwhile the second sleep is generally taken around dawn (i.e. starting ~4-8) to take advantage of increased likelihood of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep<ref>Feinberg, I., and T. C. Floyd. "Systematic trends across the night in human sleep cycles." ''Psychophysiology'' 16.3 (1979): 283-291.</ref><ref>Weber, Franz. "Modeling the mammalian sleep cycle." ''Current opinion in neurobiology'' 46 (2017): 68-75.</ref><ref>Duncan, Wallace C., et al. "A biphasic daily pattern of slow wave activity during a two-day 90 minute sleep wake schedule." ''Archives italiennes de biologie'' 147.4 (2009): 117-130. Available [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Giuseppe_Barbato/publication/41464429_A_Biphasic_Daily_Pattern_of_Slow_Wave_Activity_During_a_Two_Day_90_Minute_Sleep-Wake_Schedule/links/00b7d51813bac7b450000000/A-Biphasic-Daily-Pattern-of-Slow-Wave-Activity-During-a-Two-Day-90-Minute-Sleep-Wake-Schedule.pdf here] as of 25 Nov 2020.</ref>.
Some individuals may be natural [[segmented]], [[siesta]], or [[DC1]] sleepers, given that an individual's sleep may become bifurcated when undisturbed<ref>Wehr, Thomas A. "In short photoperiods, human sleep is biphasic." ''Journal of Sleep Research'' 1.2 (1992): 103-107. Available [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1365-2869.1992.tb00019.x here] as of 25 Nov 2020.</ref>, particularly with a lack of artificial lighting during the evening, and that non-industrial societies<ref>Yetish, Gandhi, et al. "Natural sleep and its seasonal variations in three pre-industrial societies." ''Current Biology'' 25.21 (2015): 2862-2868.</ref><ref>Ekirch, A. Roger. "Segmented sleep in preindustrial societies." (2016): 715-716. Available [https://academic.oup.com/sleep/article-pdf/39/3/715/13679929/aasm.39.3.715.pdf here] as of 25 Nov 2020.</ref> or non-electric societies<ref>Samson, David R., et al. "Segmented sleep in a nonelectric, small‐scale agricultural society in Madagascar." ''American Journal of Human Biology'' 29.4 (2017): e22979. Available [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Efe_Fakir/publication/313547295_Segmented_sleep_in_a_nonelectric_small-scale_agricultural_society_in_Madagascar_SAMSON_et_al/links/59f033420f7e9baeb26add03/Segmented-sleep-in-a-nonelectric-small-scale-agricultural-society-in-Madagascar-SAMSON-et-al.pdf here] as of 25 Nov 2020.</ref> tend to have a biphasic sleeping pattern with an elective nap in the afternoon.
Some individuals may be natural [[segmented]], [[siesta]], or [[DC1]] sleepers, given that an individual's sleep may become bifurcated when undisturbed<ref>Wehr, Thomas A. "In short photoperiods, human sleep is biphasic." ''Journal of Sleep Research'' 1.2 (1992): 103-107. Available [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1365-2869.1992.tb00019.x here] as of 25 Nov 2020.</ref>, particularly with a lack of artificial lighting during the evening, and that non-industrial societies<ref>Yetish, Gandhi, et al. "Natural sleep and its seasonal variations in three pre-industrial societies." ''Current Biology'' 25.21 (2015): 2862-2868.</ref><ref>Ekirch, A. Roger. "Segmented sleep in preindustrial societies." (2016): 715-716. Available [https://academic.oup.com/sleep/article-pdf/39/3/715/13679929/aasm.39.3.715.pdf here] as of 25 Nov 2020.</ref> or non-electric societies<ref>Samson, David R., et al. "Segmented sleep in a nonelectric, small‐scale agricultural society in Madagascar." ''American Journal of Human Biology'' 29.4 (2017): e22979. Available [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Efe_Fakir/publication/313547295_Segmented_sleep_in_a_nonelectric_small-scale_agricultural_society_in_Madagascar_SAMSON_et_al/links/59f033420f7e9baeb26add03/Segmented-sleep-in-a-nonelectric-small-scale-agricultural-society-in-Madagascar-SAMSON-et-al.pdf here] as of 25 Nov 2020.</ref> tend to have a biphasic sleeping pattern with an elective nap in the afternoon.
