Dymaxion
Dymaxion - это график nap-only,[1] который содержит четыре 30-минутных нэпа, равномерно распределенных в течение дня, что в сумме дает 2 часа сна.
| Dymaxion 4 | |
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| ссылка на napchart
Legend
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| Время сна | 2 часа |
| Предложено | Бакминстером Фуллером |
| Сложность | Чрезвычайно сложно |
| Особенности | 4 30-минутных нэпа, расположенных на равном расстоянии |
Происхождение
Dymaxion был создан Бакминстером Фуллером в 1930-х, и применен в 1932 и 1933 годах. Название "Dymaxion" состоит из ‘dynamic', 'maximum' и 'tension', и так назывались и многие другие его изобретения. Фуллер писал, что "2 часа сна в день - достаточно", утверждая, что такой интенсивный режим не оказал влияния на его здоровье.
Dymaxion - широко известный график, уступающий только Uberman. Таким образом, за прошедшие годы было предпринято много попыток адаптации.
Адаптация
Как и в случае с другими расписаниями, существует несколько различных методов адаптации. Однако адаптация к этому графику крайне сложна, вероятно, даже сложнее, чем к Uberman, из-за более длинных промежутков между нэпами. Трудности адаптации к Uberman также присутствуют при адаптации к Dymaxion, и новичкам рекомендуется избегать его.
Постепенная адаптация
Метод постепенной адаптации состоит в том, чтобы сначала адаптироваться к Trimaxion или Bimaxion, а затем сократить одно из ядер до 30 минут. Время сна этих двух графиков похоже на Dymaxion. При начале с Bimaxion, одно из ядер сокращается до 30 минут после адаптации, до тех пор, пока длина всех блоков сна не станет 30 минут. Этот подход имеет те же проблемы, что и постепенная адаптация к Uberman.
Однако с тех пор Bimaxion считается одним из самых сложных графиков для адаптации, а успешных адаптаций к Trimaxion еще не зарегестрировано. Как и в случае постепенной адаптации к Uberman, для перехода к Dymaxion потребуется очень много времени, и окончательная адаптация все равно может потерпеть неудачу.
Холодная индейка
До сих пор все известные случаи адаптации к Dymaxion включали использование этого метода. Через несколько дней после начала наступает интенсивная депривация сна, которую необходимо преодолеть.
Как и в случае с Uberman, настоятельно рекомендуется находиться под присмотром человека, чтобы не проспать. Любые просыпы значительно замедляют процесс адаптации.
Сложность
Dymaxion shares a lot of similarities to Uberman, including extreme difficulty and very low flexibility. Like with Uberman all of the SWS and REM must come from naps on this schedule, so the amount of SWS and REM in proportion to light sleep is very high. Dymaxion still tends to be less popular than Uberman.
Difficulty-wise Dymaxion is likely harder than Uberman. Because of the larger gap between naps (5h30m compared to 3h40m), sustaining wakefulness will be more difficult than on Uberman. Since SWS usually begins by the 25-minute mark, naps will contain SWS right from the start, which may cause SWS wakes as soon early on. However, this matters little overall, as overcoming the SWS rebound is necessary in order to adapt to either schedule.
SWS wakes in naps may cause difficulty hearing alarms, which may directly cause oversleeps, even without consciously deciding to. It is also much more tempting to go back to sleep after an SWS wake, even if you do wake up. Naps ending in SWS are less likely to produce dream recall, which may be unsatisfying to some.
Lifestyle Considerations
Compared to Uberman, Dymaxion allows for a wider range of daily activities with its longer wake gaps. The 1-2 daytime naps can fit into normal jobs as long as it is possible to nap at work. For a nap-only schedule, Dymaxion is an excellent choice as long as the necessary sleep requirements are met. In this aspect, it is preferable to Uberman, even though the adaptation may be even more difficult.
It is virtually impossible to flex naps on Dymaxion, even after the adaptation. Regular alarms may still be needed to wake up, because of the high sleep pressure. However, one successful case has shown the possibility of moderate exercise (light lifting and calisthenics) on Dymaxion. However, said Dymaxion sleeper also experienced more frequent muscle soreness and noticeably slowed recovery after each exercise session.
As with other nap-only schedules, there are long-term health risks of Dymaxion, such as the implications of inhibited glymphatic system and long term sleep deprivation). Average sleepers are discouraged from attempting Dymaxion.
Variants
Dymaxion-6 (D6)
Dymaxion 6 resembles the structure of Uberman, with the difference being its 30-minute naps instead of 20-minute ones. As with regular Dymaxion, these naps can lead to SWS wakes and may introduce difficulties early in the adaptation, though likely not an issue by the middle of the adaptation. A few people have been able to adapt to this variation, and it suffers the same inconvenient scheduling as Uberman. Though it has substantially more total sleep than regular Uberman or Dymaxion, it is still a difficult schedule. It has the same problems as other nap-only schedules, like extreme rigidity and potential negative health impacts.
Research
There has been one single-case study[2] on Dymaxion-6 conducted by Claudio Stampi. Francesco Jost was the volunteer for the study. He participated in another study prior to this one, which inspired this idea. Jost was a normal monophasic sleeper (8h baseline), in good health conditions and did not have any polyphasic sleeping experience before these two attempts. It is possible that he has average REM and SWS baselines.
The study lasted for 48 days, of which 34 days were used to adapt to the schedule, discounting some transition days in which he gradually reduced sleep. On day 34 and after the end of the experiment, he was allowed to sleep ad lib, that is, as much as desired.
No EEG recordings were obtained for this study. Nonetheless, multiple cognitive and performance tests were before, during adaptation, and after recovery. These tests include a DST (Descending Subtraction Test) and an MAST (Memory & Search Test).
Results
- MAST performance showed a slight decrease relative to baseline throughout days 3-21, followed by an improvement above baseline levels thereafter.
- DST performance showed a modest but more prolonged decrease throughout days 3-33, followed by a sharp increase in performance above baseline levels immediately after recovery on day 34.
- During the ad lib sleep on day 34, he slept for a total of 10 hours.
- None of these values showed a statistically significant difference from baseline levels.
Analysis
- 5 weeks on the schedule like Jost did may be sufficient be considered adapted to the schedule.
- The total sleep of Dymaxion-6 (3 hours) is below the minimum threshold for an average sleeper. As such, the 10-hour baseline afterwards suggest that he was still possibly missing out on vital sleep (SWS and/or REM), though 10 hours is a small amount of sleep for such a scenario.
- While the MAST performance stayed relatively high, the DST performance suffered and was still decreasing by day 33. This may be a sign of cognitive deficit on the schedule.
- Stampi noted "it is difficult to interpret the improvement in MAST performance after day 21 and prior to improvements observed in DST performance; this may be indicative of FJ's adaptation to the ultrashort sleep schedule, and may also further confirm that the DST is a test particularly sensitive to sleep-deprivation and sleep-inertia effects." This suggests that DST may be incorporated into a cognitive check model for adapted sleepers in the community.
- For an average sleeper attempting Dymaxion, Jost held out quite well, though he likely only reached Stage 4 of the adaptation, rather than a complete adaptation as Stampi claimed it was. It is unknown if Jost would continue to improve should the study be prolonged for a couple extra weeks to see real improvements in DST.
- A short sleeper with lower SWS and REM baselines would likely be able to adapt to this schedule, given the right environment, setup and personal motivation.
- The results further support the community-based observation that a nap-only schedule is most likely not sustainable for normal sleepers long-term, even though being adapted or close to being adapted may be possible short-term. Dymaxion, even with 6 naps, remains hostile and is deemed unadaptable for most. Inexperienced sleepers without laboratory-based conditions or extensive adaptation and lifestyle preparations should not attempt to adapt to Dymaxion.
References
- ↑ "Dymaxion Sleep". Time. 1943. Retrieved 2020-12-18.
- ↑ Stampi, Claudio (2014). "What Is the Limit for Prolonged Sleep Reduction? An Objective Evaluation of the Leonardo da Vinci Ultrashort Sleep Strategy". Why We Nap. Birkhauser. ISBN 0-8176-3462-2.
